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Coandă effect
The Coandă effect is the tendency of a fluid jet to be attracted to a nearby surface.〔Tritton, D.J., Physical Fluid Dynamics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1977 (reprinted 1980), Section 22.7, The Coandă Effect.〕 The principle was named after Romanian aerodynamics pioneer Henri Coandă, who was the first to recognize the practical application of the phenomenon in aircraft development.〔Coandă effect. (2013). ''Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition''. Digital version available here: http://www.answers.com/topic/coanda-effect〕
==Discovery==
An early description of this phenomenon was provided by Thomas Young in a lecture given to The Royal Society in 1800:
The lateral pressure which urges the flame of a candle towards the stream of air from a blowpipe is probably exactly similar to that pressure which eases the inflection of a current of air near an obstacle. Mark the dimple which a slender stream of air makes on the surface of water. Bring a convex body into contact with the side of the stream and the place of the dimple will immediately
show the current is deflected towards the body; and if the body be at liberty to move in every direction it will be urged towards the current...〔
The pressure of the air jet is actually supplementing the pressure of the atmosphere, aka The Atmospheric Press, which at 14.7psi at sea level makes water or other liquids lay smooth. Blow on a part of the water and the pressure is increased a slight amount which naturally makes the water move away. Direct a flame parallel over a liquid or submerge a candle almost to its wick and the liquid will be seen to rise slightly as the heat of the flame lessens the Atmospheric Press pressing on the water.
The hotter the flame and the closer to the surface the greater the effect will be seen.
〕
A hundred years later, Henri Coandă identified an application of the effect during experiments with his Coandă-1910 aircraft which mounted an unusual engine he designed. The motor-driven turbine pushed hot air rearward, and Coandă noticed that the airflow was attracted to nearby surfaces. He discussed this matter with leading aerodynamicist Theodore von Kármán who named it the Coandă effect. In 1934 Coandă obtained a patent in France for a "Method and apparatus for deviation of a fluid into another fluid". The effect was described as the "Deviation of a plain jet of a fluid that penetrates another fluid in the vicinity of a convex wall."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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